Deep application of autumn-sown wheat fertilizer generally requires 10~15 cm for bottom application, 8~10 cm for topdressing, and 5~8 cm for seed fertilizer. Regardless of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potassium fertilizer should be applied in depth.
According to the determination of nitrogen fertilizer, the loss of urea, ammonium bicarbonate and nitrogen is very large. The total volatile loss in 30 days is greater than that of ammonium bicarbonate. The reason is that some of the ammonium bicarbonate is adsorbed by the soil colloid after being applied to the soil, and urea is an organic nitrogen fertilizer, which can be converted into ammonium after being transformed by microorganisms. The amount of adsorption by the soil colloid is less than that of ammonium bicarbonate, so it is applied at the surface. The total amount of urea loss was 49.94% on average, which was greater than the total loss of ammonium bicarbonate by 31.23%. A deep application of 5 cm of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the evaporation of ammonia to less than 1%, and the deep application of 10 cm can be reduced to less than 0.2%. The nitrogen fertilizer in the farmland is about 10 cm deep, which is a suitable application depth.
Phosphate fertilizer is easy to fix. Phosphate fertilizer is very easy to fix in soil. The effective phosphorus is only 1~2 and 2~3 cm in horizontal and vertical movement. It is applied to the surface layer, not near the root system, and it is not easy to be absorbed and utilized.
Potassium fertilizer applied to the roots of the potash fertilizer is easy to be leached by the precipitation and is easily fixed by the crystal lattice in the soil. Therefore, the application of potassium fertilizer to the root layer is beneficial to increase the utilization of potassium.
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