Abstract: Special processing technology is called the technology of the 21st century in the world, and plays a decisive role in the development and production of new weapons and equipment. This paper introduces the development status of foreign countries from laser processing technology, electron beam processing technology, ion beam and plasma processing technology, and electrical processing technology, and proposes the technical development direction of corresponding fields in China.
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Keywords: special processing; high energy beam; laser technology; development trend, special processing, also known as "non-traditional processing" or "modern processing method", generally refers to the use of electrical energy, thermal energy, light energy, electrochemical energy, chemical energy, sound Energy and special mechanical energy and other energy to achieve the processing method to remove or increase the material. The special processing technologies described in this paper mainly refer to laser processing technology, electron beam processing technology, ion beam and plasma processing technology and electrical processing technology.
With the development of new types of weapons and equipment, the demand for special processing technology at home and abroad is increasingly urgent. Regardless of aircraft, missiles, or other combat platforms, it is required to reduce structural weight, increase flight speed, increase range, reduce fuel consumption, achieve high combat performance, long structural life, and good economic endurance. To this end, the above-mentioned weapon systems and combat platforms require new structures such as monolithic structures, lightweight structures, advanced cooling structures, and new materials such as titanium alloys, composite materials, powder materials, and intermetallic compounds.
To this end, special processing technology is needed to solve the processing problems that cannot be realized by conventional processing methods in the manufacture of weapons and equipment. Therefore, the main application fields of special processing technology are:
Difficult to process materials, such as titanium alloy, heat-resistant stainless steel, high-strength steel, composite materials, engineering ceramics, diamond, ruby, hardened glass and other high hardness, high toughness, high strength, high melting point materials.
Difficult to machine parts, such as three-dimensional cavity, hole, group hole and narrow seam of complex parts.
Processing of low-stiffness parts such as thin-walled parts, elastic components, etc.
Welding, cutting, hole making, spray coating, surface modification, etching and fine processing are carried out with high energy density beam.
1 Laser processing technology Foreign laser processing equipment and processes are developing rapidly. Now it has 100kW high-power CO2 laser, kW-class high beam quality Nd:YAG solid-state laser, and some can be equipped with optical fiber for multi-station and long-distance work. . Laser processing equipment has high power and high degree of automation. CNC control and multi-coordinate linkage have been widely used, and auxiliary systems such as laser power monitoring, auto focus, and industrial TV display are installed.
The minimum aperture of the laser hole has reached 0.002mm. The automatic six-axis laser hole-making equipment has been successfully applied to process the aero-engine turbine blades and the combustion chamber film holes, achieving the effect of no recast layer and no microcrack.
Laser cutting is suitable for parts made of heat resistant alloys, titanium alloys, composite materials. At present, the cutting speed of thin materials can reach 15m/min, the slit is narrow, generally between 0.1 and 1mm, the heat affected zone is only 10%-20% of the slit width, and the maximum cutting thickness can reach 45mm. It has been widely used in aircraft three-dimensional. Skins, frames, ship hull shelves, helicopter rotors, engine combustion chambers, etc.
Laser welded sheets are quite common and are mostly used in the automotive, aerospace and instrumentation industries. Laser micro-welding technology has become an important means of micro-connection of micro-package junctions in avionics and high-precision mechanical equipment. 
Abstract Abstract: Special processing technology is called the technology of the 21st century in the world, and plays a decisive role in the development and production of new weapons and equipment. This article from laser processing technology, electron beam processing technology, ion beam and plasma processing technology, electrical processing technology...