Wind Power Terms

Wind energy The energy that air flow has.

Wind energy resources A kinetic energy resource that flows along the earth's surface.

The standard state of air/standard atmospheric state refers to the air pressure of 101 325 Pa and a temperature of 15 °C (or

Absolute 288.15K), air condition with air density of 1.225kg/m3.

The wind speed at a specific point in the wind/wind speed is the distance the air has flowed per unit time.

Average wind speed Average wind speed over a given period of time.

Annual average wind speed The average time of an entire year's instantaneous wind speed.

Maximum wind speed The maximum value of the 10-minute average wind speed.

Extreme wind speed The maximum value of the instantaneous wind speed.

Gust/gust A sudden and transient change in wind speed that exceeds the average wind speed.

Inter-annual variation Changes that take place on a 30-year basis. The interannual change in wind speed is the annual average wind speed change from the first year to the 30th year.

[Annual change in wind speed or wind power density]. Annual variation. The annual change in wind speed (or change in wind power) is the change in the monthly mean wind speed (or wind power density) from January to December.

[Wind speed or wind power density] Diurnal variation A change occurring on a daily basis. The daily change of the wind speed (or wind power density) in months or years is to obtain the monthly average or annual average of the wind speed (or wind power density) at the same time in a month or a year, which is 0 points.

The wind speed (or wind power density) changes to 23 o'clock.

Wind shear The change in wind speed perpendicular to the plane of the wind.

The wind shear exponent / wind shear exponent is used to describe the power law index of the wind profile line shape.

Wind speed profile, wind shear law Also known as "wind shear law", the wind speed changes with the height of the ground mathematical expression.

Turbulence intensity/turbulence intensity ratio of standard wind speed deviation to average wind speed. Calculated using the same set of measurement data and the specified period.

Annual wind speed frequency distribution/annual wind speed frequency distribution The percentage of the same number of wind speed hours in a year of the observation point as a percentage of the total hours of the year and the probability distribution function of the corresponding wind speed.

The Weibull distribution/Weibull distribution is often used for the probability distribution function of wind speed. The distribution function depends on two parameters, the shape parameter that controls the width of the distribution, and the scale parameter that controls the distribution of the average wind speed.

Rayleigh distribution The Rayleigh distribution controls the Weibull distribution with a shape parameter value of 2. The distribution function depends on a tuning parameter, the scale parameter, which controls the distribution of the average wind speed.

Wind power density The power per unit area of ​​wind perpendicular to the wind direction.

Wind energy density The energy of a wind per unit area perpendicular to the wind direction for a set period of time.

Wind direction The wind direction (measured when the wind speed exceeds 2m/s).

The wind rose/wind rose uses polar coordinates to illustrate the relative frequency of different wind directions.

Wind energy rose uses polar coordinates to represent the relative size of wind energy in different directions.

Main wind direction/prevailing wind direction.

[Evaluation of wind energy resources] represents a typical year obtained from wind measurement data over the past years. The wind energy resource parameter is the average forecast value of the future wind farm operation period, and it is used as the estimated annual wind power generation capacity. The basis.

Wind measurement mast Installs wind speed, wind direction sensors, and wind data loggers to measure towering wind energy parameters

structure.

Wind data logger An electronic device that records and preliminarily processes wind measurement data.

Wind site/wind site The site, area, or area where wind energy resources are developed and utilized.

Complex terrain The complex surrounding a wind field is a zone with significant changes in terrain or obstacles that can cause airflow distortions.

The wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of the wind into another form of rotary machine.

Blade/blade Wind turbine components. Each section on the blade is designed as an airfoil, with a certain thickness, twist angle and chord length from the root to the tip of the blade.

Distribution law, with a good aerodynamic shape.

The profile of the airfoil/airfoil rotor blade cross-section.

Blade length/length of blade The maximum length of the blade measured along the line of pressure at the center of the blade.

[blade] root / root of blade The part of the blade that is connected to the hub.

[blade]tip/tip of blade The part of the blade that has the greatest distance between the blade and the root in the exhibition direction.

[blade] twist angle/twist angle of blade The angle between the chord line of each section and the plane of rotation of the wind wheel.

[blade]pitch angle of blade The angle between the chord line of the blade tip and the plane of rotation of the rotor.

[blade] mounting angle / setting angle of blade The pitch angle set when the blade is mounted on the hub.

The feather/feather changes the pitch angle to a condition where the wind turbine blade is at zero lift or with little lift.

Tip speed The tip speed at which the rotor rotates.

Tip speed ratio/tip speed ratio The ratio of tip speed to wind speed.

Wind turbine A component of a wind turbine that converts wind energy into mechanical energy, consisting of blades and hubs.

Rotor diameter The diameter of the tip circle.

Swept area of ​​rotor The plane of projection of the circle generated by the rotation of the tip of the wind wheel on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

Wind turbine shaft A wind turbine component that is connected to a rotor shaft that transmits mechanical energy.

Hub/hub The attachment part that attaches the blade to the rotating shaft.

Hub height / hub height The height from the ground to the center of the swept surface of the rotor.

Horizontal axis rotor: A rotor axis that is substantially parallel to a horizontal plane.

Vertical axis rotor A wind wheel whose axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

Stall regulated, under the condition that the rotational speed of the rotor is basically unchanged, the principle of aerodynamic stall of the blade is used to change the blade lift resistance.

Wind turbine output power.

Pitch regulated/pitch regulated uses the change of the blade pitch angle to change the blade lift resistance and adjust the output power of the wind turbine.

The fixed pitch blade is fixedly connected to the hub and the pitch angle cannot be changed.

Pitch/variable pitch blades are connected to the hub through bearings, and the pitch angle can be changed.

Fixed speed rotor / constant speed rotor The wind turbine with a constant rotational speed during operation.

Variable speed rotor / variable speed rotor A wind turbine whose speed can be changed within a certain range during operation.

The fairing/nose cone is fitted on the hub with a streamlined cover.

Power coefficient The ratio of the power output by the rotor to the power obtained by sweeping the area from the undisturbed airflow.

Thrust coefficient /thrust coefficient The ratio of the axial force generated on the wind wheel to the product of the dynamic pressure of undisturbed airflow and the area swept by the rotor.

Aerodynamic brake to increase the air resistance in the direction of blade movement during rotation of the rotor to achieve braking for reduced speed

Device.

Wind power generation, wind power generation, wind power Short wind power. Engineering technology that converts the kinetic energy contained in the wind into electrical energy.

Wind turbine generator system, WTGS Short for “wind turbine”. A system that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.

Upwind Wind Turbines/upwind WTGS Winds pass wind turbines before passing tower wind turbines.

Downwind Wind Turbine/downwind WTGS The wind passes through the tower first and then through the wind turbine wind turbine.

The nacelle/nacelle houses the components of generators, drive trains, and other devices on top of horizontal axis wind turbines.

[Wind turbine] drive system A system that transfers the mechanical energy of a wind turbine to a generator.

[Wind turbine] asynchronous generator / induction generator Also called "induction generator." When the rotational speed exceeds the synchronous rotational speed, the rotating magnetic field formed by the stator windings interacts with the magnetic field that induces a current in the rotor windings to output an alternator of electrical energy.

Constant-speed constant-frequency wind turbine / constant speed-constant frequency WTGS After the grid-connected operation, the speed of the rotor cannot change with the wind speed.

The wind speed and the power frequency determined by the net frequency are basically the same in the wind turbine during operation.

Variable speed constant frequency wind turbine/variable speed-constant frequency WTGS Wind speed can change with a wide range of wind speeds.

The wind turbine output power frequency synchronized with the grid frequency.

Direct drive WTGS, gearless WTGS Also known as "gearless wind turbine." Wind wheel direct drive multi-pole low

Speed ​​generator wind turbine. The semi-direct wind turbine/multibrid technology WTGS wind turbine drives a wind turbine with a multi-pole, medium-speed generator through a first gear speed increase.

Yawing mechanism A mechanism that rotates the wind turbine shaft of a horizontal axis wind turbine around the vertical centerline of the tower.

[Wind turbine] tower/for tower (WTGS) Wind turbine components that support the nacelle and rotor.

Truss tower / lattice tower A tower structure made of steel pipe or angle steel frame structure.

Cylindrical tower A tubular tower bent and welded into a cylindrical structure.

[Wind turbine] foundation/foundation (for WTGS) Connects to the tower to support the structure of the wind turbine.

Power performance The expression of the generating capacity of a wind turbine.

Net electric power output /net electric power output The electric power value delivered by the wind turbine to the grid.

Power curve plots the net power output of wind turbines as a function of wind speed.

Measured power curve depicts the net power of wind turbines measured by the correct method and corrected or standardized.

Rate output charts and tables. It is a function of measuring wind speed.

[Wind turbine] rated power (for WTGS) Under the normal working conditions, the design of the wind turbine can reach the maximum continuous

Output electric power.

[Wind turbine] maximum power (for WTGS) The maximum net power output of the wind turbine under normal operating conditions.

Cut-in wind speed The minimum wind speed at hub height when the wind turbine starts generating electricity.

Rated wind speed /rated wind speed Design wind speed at hub height when the wind turbine reaches rated power output.

Cut-out wind speed The maximum wind speed at the hub height when the wind turbine is maintaining its rated power output.

Safe wind speed The maximum design wind speed that a wind turbine unit can withstand.

Annual theoretical energy production/annual energy production Use the power curve and hub height to represent the annual wind speed and frequency distribution, and estimate the total energy produced by a wind turbine unit in one year. The calculation assumes that the availability is 100%.

[Wind turbine] shutdown/shutdown (for WTGS) Wind turbine transition status from generating to stationary or idling.

[Wind Turbine] Normal shutdown (for WTGS) The entire process is shutdown under the control of the control system.

[Wind-turbine] emergency shutdown/emergency shutdown (for WTGS) Protection system triggers or manual intervention to make the wind turbine

Speed ​​off.

[Wind Turbine] idle/idling (for WTGS) Wind turbine slowly rotates but does not generate electricity.

[Wind-turbine] availability/availability (for WTGS) During the assessment period, the wind turbine is able to operate (power generation, start, stop)

The ratio of the number of hours that the vehicle is in standby mode or capable of generating electricity to the total number of hours in the period, expressed as a percentage.

[Wind turbine] control system (for WTGS) receives wind turbine information and environmental information and adjusts the wind turbine to ensure

Systems that are within the scope of work requirements.

[Wind turbine] protection system (for WTGS) A system that ensures that the wind turbine operates within the design range.

Wind farm / wind power plant, wind farm A power plant consisting of multiple wind turbines.

Offshore wind farm/offshore wind farm Wind farm which is relatively close to the coast and wind turbine foundation is connected to the sea bottom.

Wake effect losses In wind farms, the effect of wakes formed by the flow of wind through upstream wind turbine wind turbines on the performance of downstream wind turbines and energy losses.

[Wind turbine] power collection system (for WTGS) A power connection system that integrates wind turbine output power.

Including all electrical equipment between the wind turbine power output and the grid connection point.

[Wind farm] grid connection point for wind farm The connection point of the wind farm power collection system and the grid transmission line.