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Mastering the principle of fertilization for the production of pollution-free vegetables can ensure that the content of nitrates and other harmful substances that are highly carcinogenic in vegetables does not exceed the standard. The principle of fertilization for the production of pollution-free vegetables is: organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers; multi-component fertilizers, supplemented by simple fertilizers; mainly based on fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.
Fertilizer application should pay attention to the following principles: 1 Fertilizer must be applied with organic fertilizer, the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 2:1. 2 Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, generally no more than 25 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 square meters. 3 The last application of fertilizer should be carried out 15 days before the harvest of vegetables, so that nitrogen has a conversion period in vegetables. Second, pollution-free vegetable production and fertilization techniques.
The production of pollution-free vegetables has strict restrictions on the types and dosages of chemical fertilizers applied to ensure that the content of nitrates and other harmful substances in vegetables does not exceed the standard.
1. Types of fertilizers. 1 farmyard manure: such as manure, compost, biogas, green manure, cake fertilizer, crop straw and so on. 2 mineral fertilizers: such as phosphorus, potassium mineral fertilizers. 3 biological bacterial fertilizer: including rhizobial fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer. 4 trace element fertilizer: that is, copper, iron, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements mainly formulated fertilizer. 5 other fertilizers: such as bone meal, residues containing amino acids, livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste, etc.
2, formula fertilization. In order to reduce pollution and give full play to fertilizer efficiency, formula fertilization should be implemented. Soil testing and formula fertilization is the basic fertilization technology for the production of pollution-free vegetables. The specifics should include the variety and amount of fertilizer; the ratio of base fertilizer and top dressing; the number and duration of top dressing, and the fertilization method used according to the characteristics of the fertilizer.
3. Fertilization techniques. 1 Applying biological nitrogen fertilizer and increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: The application of biological nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective ways to solve the limitation of chemical fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have obvious effects on increasing the stress resistance of vegetables. The swelling effect of tubers such as potato, Jerusalem artichoke, sweet potato and ginger is more obvious. During the growth period of vegetables, attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is worth mentioning that in most of the old vegetable production areas in China, due to the long-term application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate, the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil is serious, resulting in the occurrence of many deficient physiological diseases. In the region, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and rationally apply potassium fertilizer, pay special attention to the supplement of medium and trace elements to avoid the occurrence of physiological diseases. 2 Deep application and early application of chemical fertilizer: deep application of chemical fertilizer can reduce nitrogen volatilization, prolong fertilizer supply time and increase nitrogen utilization rate. Early application is beneficial to early plant growth, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Generally, ammonium nitrogen is applied to a soil layer of 6 cm or less, and urea is applied to a soil layer of 10 cm or less.
3 Flexible fertilization according to the type of vegetables: Different types of vegetables, the accumulation degree of nitrate is very different, generally the leafy vegetables are higher than the melons, and the melons are higher than the fruits and vegetables. 4 Fertilization according to cultivation conditions: The same vegetable has different nitrate content under different climatic conditions. Generally, under high temperature and strong light, nitrate accumulation is less; on the contrary, under low temperature and low light, nitrate is accumulated in large amount. In the process of fertilization, the type of vegetables, cultivation season and climatic conditions should be considered, and the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer should be mastered to ensure that the nitrate content is within the prescribed range of pollution-free vegetables. 5 heavy application of organic fertilizer: human manure, livestock and poultry manure and other organic fertilizers should be piled up by high temperature, killing the bacteria, eggs and application, after pouring fertilizer to pour water, so that organic fertilizer will not lead to vegetable nitrate pollution, Not only good quality, but also resistant to storage. The biogas waste residue has high fertilizer efficiency, is frequently applied, and has fewer pests and diseases, which can reduce the amount of pesticides and increase the yield of vegetables. Vegetables made from biogas slag are the best pollution-free vegetables. It is strictly forbidden to apply raw, fresh and livestock manure to the vegetable fields.
6 leafy vegetables can not be fertilized on the foliar surface: the foliar spray is directly in contact with the air, and the ammonium ions are easily converted into nitrate ions and absorbed by the leaves, and the nitrate accumulation is increased, and it is not resistant to storage. 7 does not apply nitrate fertilizer: ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, easy to make vegetables accumulate nitrate, vegetable land is not suitable for application. Ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium amide should be controlled. The amount of soil must be applied in depth to improve fertilizer utilization.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ Grow Light is combined our advanced All-In-One technology with patented optical design and customized light full spectrum supported from our experienced LED engineers, plant specialists and other partners working on horticulture.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ is the most versatile horticultural grow lighting fixture for indoor plants with flexible full spectrum, brightness control and uniform, wider light distribution, suitable for top lighting of all types of crops. No matter it applies to anywhere for any crop, Ultra Plantâ„¢ can do perfect work for you.
First, the principle of efficient fertilization in the production of pollution-free vegetables.
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