Low carbon USS flat washers, typically used with Grade 8 or hardened steel bolting, are used under bolt heads or nuts to increase the bearing surface area, or to offer protection so that the nut or bolt can be rotated without distortion of the bearing surface. Flat washers are also used to give tightness to a joint, to prevent leakage, and especially to distribute pressure under the head of a bolt or nut. Dimensional specifications are governed by ASME B18.21.1. USS (United States Standard) flat washers have a larger outer diameter than SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) flat washers, and can be utilized in nearly any application. ASTM F844 covers the standard specifications for unhardened steel flat washers for general use. Available in zinc plated finish. Zinc plating sacrifices itself, corroding before the base material, offering added corrosion resistance.
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Many enterprises have seen the urgency and long-term significance of the adjustment of the machine tool industry structure, actively carried out product structure adjustments, boldly broke the established business model for many years, abandoned some traditional products that are eaten by the family, and strived to develop new products that users urgently need to develop new ones. In the market sector, the smooth period of temporary development has been difficult. Shenyang Machine Tool Co., Ltd. (Shenyang Machine Tool) broke the "big and complete" mode, transforming the original ordinary machine tools into the numerical control direction, and increased the share of Lijia and Tongjia from 340 million in 2008 to 8.7 in 2011. Billion. It is estimated that by the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, CNC machine tools will account for 80% of sales, including 10% of high-end CNC machine tools. Jinan Second Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. (Ji Er) strives to adjust the product structure. In terms of product grade, the original general-purpose products accounted for 90%, and the high-end products accounted for 60%. Sichuan Pushkin Ningjiang Machine Tool Co., Ltd. (Pushingjiang) gave up the path of blind expansion and production of large and heavy-duty machine tools, and refocused resources and energy on small and medium-sized precision machine tools with traditional advantages. Tianjin Tianforging Press Co., Ltd. (Tianjin Tiandeng) optimizes product structure, accelerates the upgrading and replacement of related products, and focuses on the development of large (heavy), intelligent, flexible, precision, and composite hydraulic presses, maintaining the tradition in the hydraulic press market. Advantage. The output value of high-end products of Beijing No. 2 Machine Tool Works Co., Ltd. (North 2) has increased from 20% to 30% in the previous years to 60% today. Suzhou Sanguang Technology Co., Ltd. (Su Sanguang) basically eliminated the fast-traveling machine tool with the medium-traveled machine tool, which improved the technology and market share of the company's products. Qiqihar Second Machine Tool Co., Ltd. (Qi) has changed from heavy quantity to heavy quality, developing high-end products, paying attention to mid-end products and reducing ordinary products. Harbin First Tools Co., Ltd. (Ha Yigong) is committed to the development of three high-tech (high-precision, high-efficiency, high-life, professional), focusing on the development of cutting-edge, high value-added, high-tech tool products. These products account for nearly 60% of the total. The product structure of Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. (Zhuzhou Diamond or Zhuzhu) has been optimized overall. The output value of medium and high-grade products in the first half of this year accounted for 77%. In the future, we will focus on the transformation and upgrading of the three aspects of optimizing structure, strengthening products and integrating resources. Hanjiang Tools Co., Ltd. (Hanjiang Tools) adjusts the ratio of general-purpose tools to special tools from 7:3 to 1:9, that is, more than 90% is a special tool with high added value such as roll-pull. In the industry research of the machine tool association, a relatively prominent problem is reflected, that is, product homogeneity is more serious, resulting in fierce competition of similar products, which is not conducive to the overall development and progress of the industry. Many companies are aware of this problem, strive to carry out multi-point support operations, enter the market segment, and have achieved gratifying results. Qinchuan Machine Tool Group (Qinchuan Machine Tool) takes measures of horizontal and vertical expansion and expands the industrial chain to achieve multi-point support. In addition to the main business of gear machine tools, it undertakes large-volume gear processing business. The market demand for hollow plastic machinery developed is very strong. There are also products such as wood-plastic machinery. Shaanxi Hanjiang Machine Tool Co., Ltd. (Hanjiang Machine Tool) continuously explores its technical expertise and expands its business field. In addition to traditional product thread grinders, we develop and produce extended products such as screw and screw air compressors. Tianshui Forging Machine Co., Ltd. (Tianshui Forging) is mainly engaged in the manufacturing of large-scale non-standard forging equipment. After 10 years of development of the complete line of oil pipelines, it not only occupied a large domestic market share, but also the export situation. In the first half of 2012, Hubei Sanhuan Forging Equipment Co., Ltd. (three-ring forging) increased the output value and output of forming machine tools by 102.08% and 109.66%, respectively. There are many types of formed products, which enhances the ability to resist risks. Suzhou Electric Machine Tool Research Institute (Suzhou Electric Processing) adheres to the strategy of “differential management and high-end developmentâ€. In the aerospace, aviation, automobile manufacturing and steel production markets, special electrical processing equipment accounts for more than 95%, general electrical processing Machine tool 5%. In order to avoid homogenization of products, Shenyang High-precision CNC Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenyang Gaojing) carefully studies the demand characteristics of market segments and strives to develop products in the direction of characterization, customization and differentiation. The main users of special plane products are automobiles. Parts processing companies. Nanjing Process Equipment Co., Ltd. (Nanjing Technology) saw the decline of the machine tool market and opened up the application of rolling parts in the pharmaceutical, marine engineering, fiber optic cable and other industries to make up for the loss of machine tool orders.