Section 5 Ground Material Knowledge 1, solid wood flooring Solid wood flooring is the floor decoration material that is formed after the wood is dried and processed. It has a natural pattern, comfortable foot feeling and safe use. It is an ideal material for the floor decoration of bedrooms, living rooms, and study rooms. The decorative style of solid wood has returned to its original nature, its texture is natural, and its forest coverage rate has dropped. Today, the environmental protection is strongly promoted. Solid wood flooring is even more precious. At present, the faster-selling Chinese market has balsam, heavy ant wood, eucalyptus hematoxylin, purple heart hematoxylin, merbau, teak, wood kidney bean, eucalyptus, gancrop and so on. Gank bean, India and India cheap, suitable for the average family; åª leaves hematoxylin, wood kidney beans, membrane flap beans, etc. belong to the mid-range price tree species; balsam pigeon, heavy ants wood, palm hematoxylin, tiger wood, teak and other high-end tree species. Solid wood floor thickness is generally 18mm, common specifications are 90*900, 125*900, there are two kinds of direct paving and keel paving on the paving, direct paving requires solid wood flooring in the production of the mouth is designed as a tiger mouth, so that It is not easy to loosen after installation. Solid wood flooring is a semi-finished product, "three points seven-pack floor", the laying of the technology is directly related to the use of the floor of the state, compared with other types of wood flooring, solid wood flooring, after-sales service, the degree of specialization requirements are particularly stringent, therefore, In addition to paying attention to the quality of the floor itself, consumers also need to look at how their after-sales service. In addition, solid wood floors still have problems that are inconsistent with “realâ€. Names of wood floors that do not conform to “real†can be classified into two types: one is a virtual name, which is not found in the name of wood science, and the merchant sets its own name, such as golden wood, rich wood, ivory wood, etc. In fact, it cannot be found in the national standard of wood name. There is also a category of Zhang Guan Li Dai, shoddy. That is, the wood color is processed, or similar wood is used to replace the high-grade wood, and the name of the precious wood is hard-wired on the “head†of the non-precious wood. The choice of solid wood flooring is the pursuit of its true, natural feeling, not too much emphasis on the hardness of the paint film, or on the South and North. Solid wood flooring is different from laminate flooring. Solid wood flooring can be repaired repeatedly. In addition, the sound generated by solid wood flooring is not necessarily issued by the floor itself, but it may also be caused by excessive deformation of the moisture content of the wood keel. Although solid wood flooring is environmentally friendly, it is easily deformed and infested and must be handled regularly. Selection of solid wood flooring is mainly to see the moisture content and film hardness, the average water content of solid wood flooring is best controlled at about 12%, too dry and too wet are not good. General floor salesmen have solid wood flooring moisture testing equipment, and consumption can be detected on site. The hardness of the paint film can be tested by using a sharpened flat-headed H pencil, a 45-degree angle between the barrel and the floor surface, and a few lines on the floor surface. 2, strengthen the floor Laminated flooring has been increasingly favored by consumers due to its many advantages, such as wear-resistance, aesthetics, environmental protection, moisture resistance, flame retardance, tamper-proof, easy installation, easy cleaning, economical and practical use; The products are more artistic, personalized, more real, beautiful, lighter, more environmentally friendly, surface treatment technology more advanced and diversified, and can better meet the needs of different markets. Laminate flooring is usually a four-story structure, and with the advancement of science and technology, there have been more than four layers of laminate flooring. The general structure of laminate flooring is: First layer: wear layer (aluminum oxide) The specifications of laminate flooring are mainly achieved by changing the length, width and thickness of the veneer. The length of the laminate flooring is usually 1200 to 1820 mm, and the width is 182 to 225 mm, and the thickness is 6 to 12 mm. There are several floor patterns in the width direction of a floor, which can be divided into a single puzzle, a double puzzle and a triple puzzle. Usually the room is relatively small, it is appropriate to use double or three puzzles, while the larger rooms are more single choice puzzle. Abrasion resistance: Can withstand the wear of the heel, stool and even the wheeled stool without being scratched or leaving a mark. Comparison of the characteristics of different surfaces of laminate flooring: At present, the surface properties of laminate flooring products are enhanced on the market. From the production process, they can be divided into: groove surface, grain surface, crystal surface, and embossed surface. The surface of the laminate flooring is determined by the shape of the upper platen in the hot pressing process. The surface of the laminate is different due to the shape of the plate, and its characteristics are different. See the table below for details: â—† groove surface ----- wood grain effect is true, good decoration, the groove is linear distribution, good anti-skid performance, can be cleaned with ordinary brush, surface force, good wear resistance. 3, solid wood composite floor The solid wood composite floor not only has the natural vision, environmental borrowing effect, and foot feeling of the solid wood floor, but also satisfies the demand of the geothermal well, and avoids the product quality accident caused by the monolithic solid wood due to the keel. At present, in the three types of flooring (strengthened, solid wood, solid wood composite), the price of solid wood in accordance with the floor is generally higher than that of the laminated wood floor and some solid wood floors. Solid wood composite floor is divided into three layers of solid wood composite and multi-layer solid wood composite according to the structure. The thickness of the solid multi-layered surface plate is generally 0.3mm-2mm, of which three layers of solid wood can reach up to 4mm. The purchase of geothermal floor can mainly consider the following floor structures: the thickness of the surface plate is preferably 0.6mm or the overall floor thickness is 9mm-15mm, because the thinner the wood is, the smaller the internal stress is, and the stress between the surface plate and the base plate is increased. Balance; In addition, the crisscrossing structure also ensures the stability of the floor structure. In order to prevent cracking of the panel, some manufacturers add a layer of non-woven fabric under the panel to enhance the stability of the panel. The core material is mostly made of low-density wood, such as licorice, poplar, and scotch pine. The number of layers of a multi-storey floor is generally an odd number. The middle layer is a symmetrical center. The internal stresses between adjacent layers compete with each other to eliminate the anisotropy of the wood to the utmost and ensure the stability of the wooden floor when in use. . The core material must have good water resistance and heat resistance in order not to open or deform. The key point of the floor core material is that the moisture content should be strictly controlled, generally 8%-10%, and the boards should be even. Because after the multi-layer veneer is glued, a large amount of moisture in the glue infiltrates into the veneer, the moisture content of the substrate changes, and it can be used after the secondary drying. The thickness tolerance of the core material must also be strictly controlled. 4, bamboo flooring Bamboo flooring is divided into multi-layer glued bamboo flooring and single-layer bamboo flooring. The appearance of the bamboo flooring is naturally fresh, delicate and smooth arts, moisture, moisture, corrosion, toughness, elasticity, hard surface. Bamboo-wood laminate flooring is a composite product of bamboo and wood. Its panel and floor are made of bamboo, and the core is mostly made of wood such as Chinese fir and eucalyptus. Bamboo-wood laminate flooring has the advantages of bamboo flooring. This floor core material uses wood as raw material, good stability, strong and durable, good foot feel, cool in winter and cool in summer. Second, the baseboard category: The baseboard is an indispensable material for home decoration, but it is an inconspicuous “small point†that is easily overlooked by people. In fact, the baseboard is like a person wearing "shoes and socks". If the shoes and socks do not match well, then the beautiful fashion will not help. The common baseboard materials used in the market are: raw wood materials, medium density fiberboard, high density fiberboard, and new material PVC polymer foam. Although each material has its own characteristics, the most important consideration for consumers is still quality and price. Among the quality indicators, environmental protection indicators are the most important. PVC polymer foam material is a rising star because its formula does not contain lead, it will not emit ammonia, free formaldehyde and other harmful gases on the human body, to achieve a non-toxic harmless and non-radioactive. In addition, PVC skirtings do not require paint decoration after installation. Although the log baseboard is not harmful to the human body, the paint has caused pollution. Some ceramic tiles manufacturers have introduced ceramic tile baseboards to meet the needs of floor tiles. They can be better matched with ceramic tiles and are not afraid of water, fire and scrubbing. Tiles: 1, glazed tiles Glazed tile is the most common type of brick in decoration. Due to its rich color pattern and strong anti-fouling ability, it is widely used in wall and floor decoration. Glazed tiles are bricks that have been burned and glazed on the surface of the brick, depending on the gloss, they are divided into glazed tiles and matt glazed tiles. Divided according to the different raw materials: ceramic glazed tiles, made of clay firing, high water absorption, the general intensity is relatively low, the main feature is the back of the red; porcelain glazed tiles, made of porcelain clay, water absorption The rate is low, and the general intensity is relatively high. The main feature is that the back is gray. 2, whole body brick The surface of the bricks are not glazed, and the material and color of the front and back surfaces are the same. Whole brick is a kind of wear-resistant brick, although there are varieties such as osmotic brick, but relatively speaking, its color is less than glazed tile. As the current interior design is more and more inclined to the plain design, the body brick has become more and more fashionable. It is widely used on the grounds of renovation projects such as halls, aisles, and outdoor walkways; generally, it will be used for walls. Most non-slip bricks are all bricks. 3, polished tiles The polished brick is a kind of bright brick that has been polished on the surface of the whole brick body and belongs to a kind of whole body brick. Relative to bricks, the surface of the polished tile should be bright and clean. Polished tiles are hard and durable and are suitable for use in most indoor spaces except the restrooms and kitchens. Based on the application of the infiltration technology, the polished tiles can make various kinds of imitated stone and wood effect. Polishing bricks leave bumps in their pores, which can contaminate them. Even some of the tea falls on the polished tiles. Perhaps the industry is aware of this, and later some good-quality polished tiles have been coated with an anti-fouling layer at the factory, but this anti-fouling layer has also caused the tiles to lose the effect of bricks. If you want to continue the whole body, you have to continue to brush the antifouling layer. In the decoration industry, water wax is applied before construction to prevent sticking. In order to solve the easy-to-dirt problem of polished tiles, a vitrified tile has emerged. Vitrified tiles are actually full tiles. The surface is smooth but does not require polishing, so there is no problem with polishing the pores. Vitrified tiles are a kind of reinforced polished tiles, which are fired at high temperature and are harder and more durable than polished tiles. There is no doubt that its price is also higher. Vitrified tiles are mainly used for floor tiles. 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First, flooring:
Second layer: decorative layer (decorative layer of wood grain decorative paper after dipping)
Third layer: base layer (medium/high density fiberboard)
Fourth floor: moisture balance layer
Impact resistance: can withstand the impact of heavy furniture and other objects, heavy pressure.
Green Health: Natural materials, advanced technology, non-toxic and harmless (the substrate is dyed green or bleached and carefully purchased on the floor).
Resistance to burning: cigarette butts, Mars will not leave any traces of burning.
Resistance to oil: inks, paints, and various solvents will not be contaminated.
Easy installation: Installation is quick, convenient, and cost-saving. No need to hit the keel, do not need to punch nails, just spread on the ground after moisture-proof mats suspended installation.
Simple maintenance: daily care can be done with a vacuum cleaner or a wet rag.
Application scope:
Applicable to homes, offices, conference rooms, shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, bars, villas, office buildings and so on. In addition to the floor, you can also do wall panels, window boards, and stairs.
Special occasions: billboards, removable activities, temporary exhibition halls, etc.
â—†Skin surface -----The wood grain effect is better, the glossiness is better, the decoration effect is better, the needle pits are distributed in a net shape, the anti-skid performance is better, the surface is needle-shaped pits, the spot size is different, The dirt is hidden in the pit, it is not easy to clean, the point is stressed, and the wear resistance is relatively poor.
â—† Crystal surface ----- wood grain effect is good, gloss is very good, decorative effect is good, lack of convex surface, poor slip resistance, no dirt, easy to clean, surface stress, good wear resistance.
â—† Embossed surface ---- wood grain effect is more real and natural, good decoration, embossment was linear distribution, convex, anti-slip performance is best, relief was linear distribution, deep groove, not easy to clean, line stress, resistance Poor grinding performance.
Solid wood multi-layer flooring, also known as solid wood composite flooring, is based on solid wood flooring, through the processing of science and technology, the wood is decomposed and recombined into a new generation of solid wood flooring, so that rare and precious tree species in the world can be fully and reasonably used. A small amount of precious tree species produced a large number of valuable wooden floors, making the scientific use of green forest resources. The solid wood multi-layer floor adopts multi-layer solid wood slices, and adopts a criss-crossing combination method, adopts adhesive, and is processed by hot pressing into a plate and then processed. The internal stress of the product is balanced by a certain limit, and the single-layer solid wood is solved. The floor is prone to moisture deformation, dry shrinkage and cracking problems. Especially in northern areas, it is more suitable for geothermal floors.
The common specifications of bamboo flooring are 900*90*18, 1820*90*15, and so on. In the paving method, it is similar to solid wood flooring.
4, glass tiles