Degumming is an essential part of converting hemp raw materials into hemp fibers. Biological degumming is a key technology to accelerate the development of the hemp industry.

Hemp textiles are green products with antibacterial, sweat-absorbing and anti-ultraviolet characteristics. Degumming is a necessary link to convert hemp raw materials into hemp fibers. However, the fly in the ointment is that the resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional degumming method have long plagued the enterprise, which is particularly prominent in the field of ramie known as “Chinese grass”.

Recently, Liu Zhengchu, a researcher at the Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and other inventions, "The rapid extraction of ramie fiber from the industrial fermentation of Erwinia bacillus" won the fifteenth China Patent Excellence Award. For the first time, the process has selected high-efficiency strains that can independently complete ramie degumming at home and abroad. It can replace the traditional chemical degumming or bio-chemical combined degumming method, which significantly reduces the resource and energy consumption in the ramie degumming process.

In an interview with the reporter of the Chinese Journal of Science, Liu Zhengchu pointed out that bio-degumming has the characteristics of energy saving, emission reduction, consumption reduction, efficient use of resources, short process, intuitive and reliable quality monitoring, and friendly production environment. Compared with traditional degumming methods such as ramie, biological degumming has realized the transformation of the production mode from coarse ramie to factory degumming, which has accelerated the development of the hemp industry.

Ramie degumming "killer"

Degumming refers to the process of extracting non-cellulosic fibers from hemp fiber-based agricultural products. According to Liu Zhengchu, hemp degumming methods can be divided into four types: ramie, chemical degumming, bio-chemical combined degumming and biodegumming.

The "Book of Songs" mentions "the pool of the East Gate, which can be smashed". Ramie has become the most traditional rough-type degumming technology in China, but it is not suitable for industrial production. With the development of the ramie processing industry, chemical degumming has become a common technology used by hemp companies in recent years. However, this technology has the disadvantages of consuming a large amount of chemical reagents and energy, and serious environmental pollution. Enterprises only need a sewage treatment. A lot of money.

In order to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction, bio-chemical combined degumming called "biological pretreatment" came into being. However, this technology has not used "bacterial fermentation" and "enzymatic degradation" as the main body for exfoliating non-cellulose. There are also problems such as complicated process technology, long preparation process of the microbial agent, high cost of the enzyme preparation, and the inability to get rid of the side effects of the chemical method.

In Liu Zhengchu's view, the key technology that can truly realize the greening of the ramie industry is biological degumming, which uses a compound enzyme secreted by microorganisms to specifically cleave the intercellular layer and cut off the chemical bond of cellulose to non-cellulose, thereby stripping the hemp fiber. Non-cellulose processing in raw materials.

In order to better adapt to industrial production, Liu Zhengchu's team obtained a high-efficiency strain cgmcc5522 through separation, screening and genetic manipulation, which has the characteristics of rapid reproduction, rough culture conditions and obvious mature technology. After diluting the high-efficiency strain activated bacterial liquid with surface water, it is inoculated to the pretreated raw material for fermentation for 5-7 hours, and after inactivation and numbing treatment, natural natural hemp fiber can be obtained.

Liu Zhengchu said that after testing, bio-degumming can save 76.4% of raw coal, reduce water consumption by 62.6%, reduce the amount of process auxiliary materials by 93.1%, and reduce production cost by 20.5%; fiber resource utilization rate and enterprise profit rate increase by 47% and 58%, respectively; Organic pollutants decreased by 95.9% and 58.3% respectively from the source.

Technology promotion barrier

As early as 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 ministries and commissions gave key support to the “rice bio-degumming project” in the “Special Fund for Structural Adjustment and Transformation of Textile Industry”. Many enterprises have also been supported by national special funds. Progress in ramie textile technology and industrial upgrading.

Nowadays, the industrial application of bio-degumming technology has also achieved a lot of results. Taking the Institute of Materia Medica of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example, Hunan Minjiang Star Ma Industry Co., Ltd. and the Institute jointly undertake the national “863” project, and built a “high-efficiency and energy-saving clean ramie biodegumming demonstration project” with an annual processing capacity of 8,000 tons of ramie. In the future, the production capacity of ramie will reach 30,000 tons; Hubei Tianyuan Textile Co., Ltd. also signed a “construction contract for ramie bio-degumming license” with the institute, and has completed the demonstration project of producing 20,000 tons of ramie per year.

However, in order to popularize bio-degumming in the whole industry, there are still many technical problems and bottlenecks to be overcome.

Liu Zhengchu admitted to the reporter that although the biological degumming technology belongs to the new invention inventions pioneered at home and abroad, there are no successful precedents for the matching process equipment.

"Although the patented technical solutions for process equipment have been formed, no mechanical processing companies are willing to trial and improve these technological equipment. The biological degumming technology research unit is restricted by human, material and financial factors, and it is impossible or impossible to completely solve the biological The subsequent processing technology and equipment that match the degumming technology, etc., Liu Zhengchu said.

According to the reporter's understanding, the current hemp textile enterprises are using the processing technology and equipment formed in the 1970s and 1980s to carry out small-scale operation on small-scale production capacity, and can only barely maintain the status quo of enterprise survival. The enterprise itself has neither economic strength nor relevant technical strength to achieve independent innovation involving many processing links.

As Liu Zhengchu said: “Even if the company successfully introduces biological degumming technology, it is difficult to use key technological achievements to develop new products with distinctive advantages and market potential.”

Due to the high cost of technology promotion and large equipment investment, many enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, are difficult to accept. In addition, Yao Mu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, also pointed out that bio-degumming is not a technology that companies can easily grasp.

“Bacterial degumming and bio-enzymatic degumming should be appropriate for the treatment of fibers, and should not be handled insufficiently or over-treated.” Yao Mu said that when selecting strains and enzymes, companies should choose the right “precise control”. The variety makes the degumming work start at the right time and stop at the right time, which also puts higher requirements on the technical aspects of the enterprise.

How to promote "small industry"

In Liu Zhengchu's view, biological degumming is a key technology to accelerate the development of the hemp industry. The peer experts led by Yao Mu also believe that the implementation of bio-degumming technology can alleviate the shortage of oil, forest and land resources, improve the ecological environment, and bring a technological revolution to the textile industry and the emerging biomass energy and materials industry.

However, the national industries with Chinese characteristics such as "Ma" and "Si" are used in China as "small industries" and have not received enough attention. This limits the promotion and application of biological degumming technology to a certain extent.

In this regard, Liu Zhengchu believes that it is also necessary to moderately adjust the science and technology guidance policy on the basis of the development of comprehensive national strength and the technological level of large-scale industries.

He suggested that the current direction of science and technology guidance should be adjusted: First, under the premise of ensuring “food security” and “ecological security”, “grasping the big and not letting small”; second, while emphasizing that “enterprise is the main body of innovation” Give full play to the role of the original innovation platform of scientific research institutions.

In order to accelerate the industrial application of bio-degumming, Yao Mu also proposed to accelerate the development and deployment of ramie degumming, textile new equipment, devices and control systems. The strains and biological enzymes are also produced by professional companies and are close to the degumming base.

In addition, the biological degumming technology also requires the state to give certain financial support. Liu Zhengchu said that bio-degumming belongs to the cross-cutting and marginal disciplines and involves the whole process of the hemp industry chain. Under the influence of inertial thinking, the scientific and technological personnel engaged in cross-industry, interdisciplinary edge or interdisciplinary research, strive for scientific research projects and obtain scientific and technological achievements. The difficulty is unimaginable to most people.

To this end, he believes that if the interdisciplinary projects or results are independently developed for comprehensive evaluation of multidisciplinary and public defense, limited research funding will be used for interdisciplinary fields that are in urgent need of funding, and investment in revolutionary results transformation will be increased. Perhaps the promotion of biological degumming technology plays a role in “finishing the finishing touch”.

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