PVD (physical vapor deposition) coating is a type of Surface Treatment that is used to improve the performance of metal parts, by applying a thin layer of material onto the substrate through a vacuum chamber. This process provides a range of benefits, including increased hardness, improved wear resistance, and enhanced corrosion resistance.
PVD coatings are typically applied to metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum. They are particularly useful in applications where the substrate is subjected to high wear and tear, as the coatings help to reduce friction and limit the damage caused by abrasion. They are also used in the automotive industry to provide an aesthetic and functional finish to exterior parts.
PVD coatings can be tailored to meet specific application requirements, with a range of coating materials available, including titanium, chromium, and zirconium. These coatings can be deposited in a range of colors, such as black, gold, and silver, giving designers and manufacturers the flexibility to create parts with the desired appearance.
Another key benefit of PVD coating is its durability. The thin layer of coating can offer a long-lasting, high-performance finish, even in harsh or corrosive environments. This makes them particularly useful in outdoor applications, and in settings such as aerospace and medical devices, where reliability and durability are critical.
PVD coating is applied through a series of steps, including cleaning and pre-treatment of the substrate, coating material deposition, and post-treatment, such as polishing or annealing. The result is a thin, uniform layer of coating that provides a range of functional and aesthetic benefits.
In conclusion, PVD coating is a versatile and effective surface treatment for metal parts. It offers a range of benefits, including improved hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, as well as aesthetic options. By enhancing the performance and durability of metal parts, PVD coating plays an important role in improving the reliability and efficiency of a range of industries and applications.
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In the 40 years of development of the furniture industry, the “living room culture†has experienced the germination period and the initial stage of growth, and has gradually matured. From the initial hall, to the separate living room in the current building, people's requirements for the living room also experienced many key words such as saving enough, fashion trend, technology and environmental protection, and individuality. The term “living room†is not only a part of the living, but also shows the changes in people's lifestyle over the past 30 years. However, while the demand for the living room home market continues to expand, many companies sigh "survival is too difficult"; the root cause is the lack of understanding of users and the lack of research on living space. In view of the lack of living room culture and the poor communication between furniture companies and users, from December 2013, we will jointly open a white paper survey report on Chinese living room culture. The survey report will be collected through a variety of methods such as online surveys, offline surveys, and real estate sampling, and combined with a number of professional media and consulting agencies to collect users and companies from a multi-dimensional perspective of online surveys, offline data, and industry experts. Experts and other data, in-depth analysis of the current consumption and use of sofa products, interpretation of the current user understanding and preferences of the living room culture, grasp the pulse of market development, outline a complete Chinese living room culture. For the collected data, the "2014 China Living Room Culture White Paper" was specially prepared for reference and reference by the industry and related parties. At the same time, the white paper of the living room of this department has also received strong support from the Zero Research Consulting Group. Part of the data in this article also comes from its related data survey, thank you very much! The first part of the researcher information The starting time of the research activity with the theme of “living room cultureâ€: March 2014, end time: July 2014; 4 months; a total of 10,853 valid questionnaires received; A total of 6552 valid questionnaires were obtained in the online survey, 2,100 valid questionnaires were received in the offline store survey, and 2201 valid questionnaires were received in the offline survey. In the whole questionnaire, there were 6179 male users, accounting for 57.1% of the total; female users 4674, accounting for 42.9% of the total. I. Age and Distribution of Researchers The researchers were divided into four age groups. Among them, the age group under 25 years old accounted for 10.4% of the total number of people surveyed, and the age group of 25-35 years old accounted for 47.8% of the total number; 35-45 There are 27.5% of the old age group and only 14.3% of those over 45 years old. In the whole questionnaire, a total of 6,926 people were distributed in South China, ranking first in total; in East China, 2,232 valid questionnaires were received, and in North China, 1,407 valid questionnaires were received, while in Northwest China, valid questionnaires were received. 198 copies. II. Researcher's income The researcher's family is the unit. The income distribution is as follows: the annual income is less than 100,000, accounting for 4.7% of the total proportion, a total of 510; the total income of 10-15 million is 18.9%. 2051 copies; the annual income is 5121 households with a total income of 2,120 households, accounting for 28.7% of the total survey; 20-25 million households account for 37.7%, a total of 4098; annual income of 25-300,000 households totaling 931, accounting for the total The research rate is 8.5%; the remaining 142 households have an annual income of more than 300,000, accounting for 1.3% of the total. The second part of the physical properties of the living room space The first chapter of the living room use time and related items as one of the most important part of the home space, the use of living room space ranks second in the entire home space, second only to the bedroom space, that is, in addition to Outside of sleep, most of the time people spend in the living room. The main body of the living room - the length of time people use in the living room and how to consume them is crucial. First, the living room space usage time According to the survey results, 6.7% of the respondents said that the time spent in the living room is less than one hour per day; and 14.2% of the respondents spend 1-2 hours in the living room every day. Users who lived in the living room for 2-3 hours accounted for 37.8% of the total, and users who used the time in the 3-4 hour interval were 26%; the remaining 15% of the users used the living room for more than 4 hours. Second, the living room use time allocation project nearly 80% of the users use the living room for more than 2 hours; in the two hours or more, the user mainly includes the guests, family activities (see the next item for specific breakdown activities), Watching TV, playing digital products, and rejuvenating the rest of the five activities; the specific time allocation is as follows: 1. Only 46.2% of the visitors said that they would dine at home for an average of less than 2 hours; In addition to the guest function, the living room space also carries the family activity function; while the family activities in the living room are mainly divided into two categories: chat and interaction. l 51.2% of respondents said that they spend less than one hour chatting with their family every day; 37.8% of respondents said they would spend 1-2 hours watching TV while chatting with their family; % of respondents said that sitting in the living room and chatting with family is the best way to relax after a busy day. l Interactive mahjong or playing cards has become one of the main ways for 17.3% of families to entertain friends in the living room; usually the average time spent in this area is more than 3 hours per week; and 24.4% of respondents said that the average There are 2 hours a week for interactive games with your family. At the same time, the proportion of high-income groups using KTV/home theater/smart TV boxes and Internet access in the living room is significantly higher than that of middle- and low-income groups. The proportion of smart TVs used in the three high, medium and low income levels was 12.3%, 6.4%, and 4.0%. About 37.8% of the respondents said that playing cards or playing games with family or friends in the living room can reduce embarrassment and increase mutual understanding and feelings. 3. 51.2% of respondents who watched TV said that watching TV is one of the most common things they do in the living room. Among them, about 29.4% of the respondents said that they spend about 1 hour on TV every day; 47% said the average time is 2 hours; and the remaining 23.6% of users watch TV every day. The time is more than 2 hours. However, more than 90% of respondents said that they usually do other things while watching TV: for example, chatting with family and friends, playing mobile phones, iPads and other digital products. 4, play digital products WiFi network and the development and popularization of digital products, let the main body of the living room space a new name - digital product control; according to the survey, about 46.2% of the respondents said that sitting on the sofa Playing digital products such as iPads or mobile phones is the best way to relax after a tiring day. 22% of the respondents said they would spend at least an hour on iPads or mobile phones; 52% of respondents said they spend 1-2 hours a day playing digital products; spending 2 Up to 26% of respondents who played digital products for more than an hour. 5, rest your mind