Apple Garden Thinning and Reconstruction Considerations

The thinning and transformation of the apple orchard is a very important task in the management of the apple orchard. Here are some notes on the remediation of the densely planted apple orchard and remind everyone to pay attention.

If the planting density is too large, the light in the apple orchard will deteriorate, and the result will be shifted outwards. The quality of the fruit will decline and the decline in production efficiency will be a common problem in apple production in China. The following matters should be noted for the thinning of old orchards.

First, the selection of excellent trees in the orchard, the ability of different individual results is not the same, there are differences between varieties, but also between the plants. Some plants are damaged by pests and diseases, especially after the rot disease, which causes the transportation of substances in the plants to be blocked. As a result, the ability is reduced. In the process of thinning, attention should be paid to the selection of trees.

2. Thoroughly remove the thinning object For the identified thinning objects, all branches, stems, roots, etc. on the ground and underground should be completely removed. The branches on the tree body can be sawed first, then the trunk is removed, the root system is removed, and the roots are prevented. The spread of rots protects the roots of the planted plants from growing vigorously.

Third, the backfilling of the tree hole Because the tree body is in the long-term growth process, the nutrients in the tree hole are consumed a lot, and the toxic substances accumulate in a large amount, which is very unfavorable for the growth of the fruit tree. The backfilling opportunity can be used to apply a large amount of organic fertilizer in the hole or Weeds are buried to supplement soil nutrients; the holes are filled with inter-row mature soil to optimize the soil structure in the cave.

Fourth, to strengthen the management of the remaining plants for the first 1-2 years after the thinning, the production in the park decreased slightly, and the recovery of production is the top priority of the management of thinning. In production, we should focus on the following tasks:

1. Strengthen tree management. After the thinning of the apple orchard tree management, the following contents should be highlighted:

(1) Desalination of tree concepts and transformation of control objectives. Thinning and transformation of apple orchards should aim at improving production, quality and efficiency, and should not be bound by traditional concepts. It should be based on the purpose of “tangible and indefinite, invisible and indiscriminate”, because the tree is shaped, do not over-emphasize the tree shape, as long as it is left The branches of the plants are opened at an angle, the branches are full, and the skeleton is firm. As a result, the branches are drooping.

(2) Make full use of the branches of the plants to be planted and increase the amount of branches in the garden. When the tree is controlled by thinning, the branches should be dominated by long-term, with as little or no branches as possible. Due to the thinning of the plants in the apple orchard, the space is optimized and the overall illumination is optimized. The branches can be fully bathed. For the long branches, the branches should be transformed as much as possible, and converted into the resulting branches. After the thinning, 1-2 During the year, the amount of acres will be restored to 70,000-80,000 to form a new result group.

(3) Strengthen the cultivation of the drooping branches. The results of the drooping branches are consistent with the growth characteristics of apples, which are beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Due to the gravitational effect of the earth, the fruits are positive and of good quality. At the same time, after the branches are drooping, the illumination conditions in the garden can be improved. There may be more results of cultivating the weeping branches. For the branches that are drawn on the branch shaft, the management measures of long-release, long-release and long-release are carried out, and the cultivation is into a robust branch group, and then transformed into a drooping result branch by pulling the branches, which is the core for improving yield and quality. Measures should be highly valued in production.

2. Fertilize the soil. The soil fertility status directly determines the production efficiency of apples. The apple orchard after the thinning transformation should take the fertilization soil as one of the breakthroughs to improve production efficiency and make full efforts. The following measures should be taken in focus:

(1) Where there is farmyard manure, farmyard manure should be applied. After the thinning, the apple orchard should ensure that the amount of mu is about 5,000 kg, or 50-100 kg of biogas residue. Where the farmer's fertilizer is insufficient, the commercial organic fertilizer should be applied to ensure that the amount of mu is about 500 kg, which lays a foundation for efficient production.

(2) Promote the straw cover method in areas where crop stalks are abundant. This is an effective measure to improve the soil organic matter. Covering the crop straw in tree trays, tree rows or whole gardens, after 2-3 years of decay, buried in the soil, can greatly increase the soil organic matter content, which is very beneficial for apple production.

(3) Where there are irrigated conditions, weed cultivation is carried out. The soil organic matter content can be increased by planting grass with a large amount of shallow root growth such as clover and ryegrass between rows, by cutting in the growing season, covering the tree tray or directly pressing.

3. Strengthen protection to prevent the tree from weakening. In the north of China, less precipitation and drought deficiency are one of the main factors that cause the tree to weaken and affect the yield and quality. The apple orchard after thinning should strengthen the conservation measures, and improve the soil through the implementation of measures such as covering grass and covering the orchard. Water use efficiency ensures healthy growth of the tree.

4. Protect the leaves and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Strengthen the prevention and control of leaf pests and diseases, ensure the integrity of the leaves, and improve the ability to manufacture photosynthetic products. Foliar fertilizer supplementation in autumn, prolonging functional leaf growth time, increasing photosynthetic product accumulation and increasing tree nutrition.