We believe that gravitational waves do exist, but have not yet been detected On February 26, Beijing time, according to a physicist’s website, our understanding of the universe came from our long-term observations. Now, humans have already stood at a critical point, and perhaps we’ll soon find that we’ve been unable to be Observed things. This is gravitational waves. The search for this mysterious phenomenon has continued for a century. This is a phenomenon predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, but physicists have long argued that it does exist. In 1957, physicists proved that if gravitational waves do exist, they must carry energy and therefore cause oscillations. But it is also obvious that these waves, which carry one million times more energy than sunlight, will oscillate by a smaller amplitude than a nuclear diameter. To detect such fluctuations, the construction of a corresponding detection device seems to be an impossible task. But in the 1960s, Joseph Weber, a maverick physicist at the University of Maryland, began experimenting with designing the first such device, and announced success in 1969! This news triggered an excitement and horror. How can such a large amount of energy be coordinated with our understanding of stars and galaxies? Thus, a scientific gold rush was born. Within two years, the world's top laboratories have developed 10 new detection devices. But the actual test results are the same: nothing is found. Need better equipment Some physicists were discouraged and gave up research in this area. But in the next 40 years, more and more physicists have joined in, they are committed to developing more sensitive detection equipment. In the 1980s, scientists from all over the world cooperated with each other to develop five new devices called "low-temperature resonant rods." One of them, called "NIOBE," was set up at the University of Western Australia. These detectors are simply metal rods that are cooled to near absolute zero. Scientists use superconductivity detectors, which are one million times more accurate than Weber's detection level. For most of the 1990s, this detection system has been running. If two black holes in the Milky Way collide, or if a new black hole forms, the detection system should be able to "hear" the slight spatio-temporal "snapshots" coming from the universe. But the fact is that it is silent. However, during the development and use of the "Cryogenic Resonant Bar" system, scientists did gain some experience and lessons. They have deepened their understanding of how quantum theory affects measurement results, even at the one-ton scale. The development of these detectors has forced scientists to adopt new measurement methods. This has now become a mainstream research area called "macro-quantum mechanics." But the zero result of testing does not mean the end of everything, but it means that we must carry out further research on the universe. Black hole collisions may be very rare in a particular galaxy, but if you monitor millions of galaxies, then it will become a common phenomenon. Laser beam Now scientists are in urgent need of a new technology that can greatly increase the sensitivity of the detection system. By 2000, this technology finally appeared. This is called "laser interferometry." This technique is simply to use a laser beam to measure the slight vibration between two distant mirrors. The greater the distance between the two mirrors, the greater the detected vibration! If you instead use an L-shaped mirror arrangement, you can double the signal strength and eliminate noise from the laser. Several physicist teams spent years researching the technology, including a team from the Australian National University. Laser measurements can be performed on a large scale of space, so scientists built giant probes with a diameter of 4 kilometers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The Australian Gravity Astronomers Commission built a research center north of Perth in the country as a detector for gravitational wave research in the southern hemisphere. The world needs to do this because it is only by doing so that it is possible for scientists to use triangulation to calculate the location of the source. The latest detector This new detector scheme includes two stages. Since the project contains a huge technical challenge, the goal of the first step is only to verify that laser technology can indeed be applied at a 4 km scale, but during this period a lower-level laser beam is used, which means it can detect The probability of any signal is only a few percentage points. These large detectors are placed in the world's largest vacuum system. The mirrors used must be 100 times smoother than the mirrors on the horizontal plane. Measures must be taken to counteract the effects of seismic waves, and the laser beam used in the experiment must be It is the purest light beam. In the second phase of the project, researchers will build larger mirrors, use much more powerful laser beams, and use more precise vibration control techniques. Once this system is completed, it is expected that its high sensitivity will cause it to detect 20 to 40 neutron star collisions each year to form black holes. During the planned development of these two phases, Australia has been invited by the United States. The Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) will undertake the manufacture of super-high-precision mirrors in the system, which is one of the core components of the entire system. Brainstorming The Australian side held a meeting earlier this year to discuss the topic of this new national plan. Part of the plan is to build an 80-meter laser research facility that is equivalent to a small version of a gravitational wave detection device. Here researchers conduct physics experiments involving new detectors, with particular emphasis on laser research. The research group here has discovered several new phenomena, including the reflection of laser photons from the "particles" of the sound waves - phonons. This phenomenon is significant because it can serve as a tool for researchers to prevent instability in this new detection system. Light energy can also be made into "beams of light" - recall the lightsaber in "Star Wars"! This device can capture more gravitational wave energy and open the door to the future development of new gravitational wave detectors. The final stage of discovery In 2006, the development of the first phase of the system reached its sensitivity goal and, as expected, they did not detect any signal. According to the plan, the construction of the second phase of the detector will begin next year. The Australian research team is currently preparing for this because the new detector will completely change the existing rules of the game. For the first time in history, we have a solid expectation of possible results: we know the strength that the signal should have, and we also know the number of signals that should occur. We no longer need to wait for rare and unpredictable events. We will be able to monitor the vast universe of space for the first time. We are also very confident that we will be able to “hear†the neutron star merger that occurred deep in the distant universe, or the birth of a black hole. Once this system is fully completed, it is expected that we will receive a signal almost every week. But at the moment when we can reach this level, it is still hard to say that no one can pack tickets. We must learn how to handle this huge and complex device. But if you have to give a specific year for humans to detect gravitational waves for the first time, then many physicists will suggest that you choose 2016, and more will suggest that you choose 2017. But there are also many scientists with pessimistic attitudes that we may encounter unforeseen problems and spend an extra amount of time to resolve them. (morning) Led Lighting Lens,Nautical Beacon Light Lens,Led Flashlight Lens,High Bay Light Lens Dongguan Lianlong Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.lianlonggd.com
Diagram: Gravitational waves released by two black holes orbiting each other