What are the dosage forms and names of pesticides?

(1) The meaning and role of pesticide adjuvants

Any substance that is mixed with the original pesticide or mixed with the original drug through the processing process can improve the physical and chemical properties of the agent, improve the efficacy and ease of use, and is collectively referred to as a pesticide adjuvant. There are many kinds of pesticide adjuvants, which can be divided into fillers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, solvents, dispersants, adhesives, stabilizers, anti-lysis agents, synergists, foaming agents, etc. according to their functions.

(2) Commonly used pesticide formulations

Unprocessed pesticides are called original drugs. The original drug in a solid state is called a raw powder, and the original drug in a liquid state is called a crude oil. Except for a small number of pesticides, the original drugs need not be processed and can be used directly. Most of the original drugs must be processed into preparations containing certain effective ingredients and certain specifications. Physically processed pesticides are called preparations. The pesticide preparation includes the original medicine and the auxiliary agent. Agricultural dosage forms are broadly divided into solid preparations, liquid preparations, and other preparations.

Solid preparation

(1) Powder (PD). The original drug is added with a certain amount of inert powder, such as clay, kaolin, talcum powder, etc., and is mechanically processed into a powder, and the particle diameter is below 100 microns. The powder is not easily wetted by water and cannot be sprayed with water. Generally, high-concentration powders are used for seed dressing, bait or soil treatment, and low-concentration powders are used for dusting. The dosage form has the advantages of convenient use, easy spraying, high efficacy and the like. The disadvantage is that it drifts away with the wind, wastes the dose and pollutes the environment. Such as 1.1% matrine powder, 5% trichlorfon powder and the like.

(2) Wettable powder (WP). It is one of the basic dosage forms of pesticides. A certain amount of a wetting agent and a filler are added to the original drug, and the powder is machined into a powder having a diameter of 70 μm or less. It differs from the powder in that a certain amount of humectant is added. Such as saponin, sulfite pulp waste liquid and so on. The dosage form has the advantages of low processing cost, safe storage, convenient and high content of active ingredients. Strong adhesion and other advantages. The disadvantage is that when the performance of the auxiliary agent is poor, the dispersion in the water is not easy to be uniform, resulting in uneven spray, which may cause local phytotoxicity. Such as 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

(3) Microcapsules (CJ). It is a newly-developed pesticide dosage form which is made up of granules of pesticides and solvents, and then added with resin monomers and polymerized on the surface of pesticide particles. The dosage form has the advantages of reducing toxicity, prolonging residual effect, reducing exertion, reducing degradation of pesticides and reducing phytotoxicity. Such as 25% phoxim microcapsules and the like.

(4) Water-dispersible granules (WDG). It is composed of original drugs, auxiliaries and carriers. The additive system is complex, including wetting agents, dispersants, binders, lubricants, and the like. It has very good efficacy, has the advantages of wettable powder and water suspension, and has no disadvantages. It is one of the most promising dosage forms in China. For example, 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules, 75% oxazinone water-dispersible granules, and the like.

(5) Granules (GR). It is a granular material made by adding the original drug to a carrier (clay, cinder, etc.). The particle size is generally between 250 and 600 microns. The dosage form has the advantages of good sedimentation property, small drift, light pollution to the environment, long residual effect, convenient application, labor saving and time saving in the application process. Such as 3% phoxim granules, 5% anti-Peiwei granules and so on.

2. Liquid preparation

(1) Aqueous agent (AS). It is a liquid prepared by directly using water by using certain original drugs which can be dissolved in water without decomposition. The advantages of the modified dosage form are convenient processing, low cost and comparable efficacy to oil slick. However, it is not easy to spread on the surface of the plant body, the adhesion is poor, the long-term storage is easy to decompose and the chemical stability is not as good as the emulsifiable concentrate. Such as 72.2% Plex water, 1% Zhongshengmycin water and so on.

(2) Suspending agent (SC). It means that the raw materials are uniformly dispersed in a medium (water or organic solvent) by means of various additives (wetting agent, tackifier, antifreeze, etc.) by wet grinding or high-speed stirring to form a fine particle. Highly suspended, flowable liquid agent. The diameter of the suspending agent particles is generally 0.5 to 5 μm, and the original drug is a solid drug insoluble in water. The dosage form has the advantages of small suspended particles, uniform distribution, large coverage area after spraying, strong adhesion, and thus higher efficacy than the same dose of wettable powder, equivalent to the same dose of emulsifiable concentrate, safe in production and use, and light in environmental pollution. Easy to apply. Such as 20% Diflubenzuron No. 3 suspension, 48% polychlortetracycline suspension and the like.

(3) EC (EC). It is a transparent liquid made of a certain amount of emulsifier and organic solvent. Can be sprayed with water. The utility model has the advantages of long residual effect period, simple method, easy adhesion of the medicament to the surface of the plant body, and is not easily washed by rain. The disadvantage is that organic solvents and emulsifiers are used, and the production cost is high, and improper use may cause phytotoxicity. Such as 10% Liuyangmycin EC, 20% triadimefon EC, 40% dimethoate and so on.

3. Other preparations

(1) Seed coating agent (SD). It is uniformly mixed with the original drug, dispersant, antifreeze, thickener, antifoaming agent, preservative, warning color, etc. After grinding to a certain fineness into a slurry, the medicinal agent is hung on the seed with special equipment. The outstanding advantage of the dosage form is to prevent the pest and disease effect, save labor and medicine, increase the safety of humans and animals, and reduce environmental pollution. Such as 25% seed coating agent No. 5 and so on.

(2) Tobacco agent (FU). It is a pesticide preparation processed from the original drug and heating agent (fuel, oxidant, etc.). After ignition, it burns evenly, has a high rate of smoke generation, and has no open flame. The original drug is sublimated by heat or vaporized into the atmosphere to condense and quickly become smoke or fog floating in the space. It is mainly used for the prevention and control of pests and diseases of vegetables in protected areas. The dosage form has good control effect and is convenient to use. High work efficiency, low labor intensity, no need for any equipment, no water, uniform distribution of chemicals in space. The disadvantage is that the medicament is easily decomposed when the cigarette is smoked, the membrane is broken, the medicament is dissipated seriously, the cost is high, and the variety of the medicament is small. Such as 30% chlorothalonil smoke agent, 10% triazolone smoke agent and the like.