1. Obey the rules for the safe use of pesticides
In flower cultivation, the prohibited pesticides are: methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, ammonium phosphate, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, insecticide , dibromoethane, herbicide ether, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparation, arsenic, lead, dipyridamole, fluoroacetamide, glyphosate, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, tetramine silicon, etc.
Second, take safety measures
The pesticide application personnel must take prescribed safety protection measures to prevent poisoning. The remaining liquid medicine and the cleaning liquid of the applicator should be handled in a centralized and safe manner, and should not be sprinkled freely. Empty containers are not allowed to be reused. Empty containers should be properly collected and disposed of, and empty containers should be marked for safe storage or centralized treatment.
Abandoned and expired pesticides must be disposed of in accordance with relevant national regulations, and should not be discarded casually to avoid phytotoxicity of flowers or poisoning of humans and animals.
Third, scientific cultivation reduces medication
Through farming measures, some pests and diseases can be eliminated, and conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases can be formed. At the same time, the ability of flowers to resist pests and diseases should be improved, such as cleaning pastoral, treating sick bodies, reducing the source of pests and diseases, rationally close planting, increasing ventilation and light transmission in greenhouses or greenhouses, timely removing waterlogging, reducing field humidity, and scientific formula. Fertilization, etc., make the flower grow robustly and improve its ability to resist pests and diseases.
Fourth, strengthen physical control
In order to avoid the emergence of pest and disease resistance, physical control should be selected as much as possible. For example, a yellow wormwood plate can be used to trap aphids and leaf miners, and a silver-gray film is hanged in the field to repel aphids while increasing the light intensity. The use of many nocturnal insects has the characteristics of phototaxis, using light trapping, bait trapping and other methods to eliminate pests, and insect nets can also be used to reduce the incidence of pests.
Fifth, carry out biological control
Biological control is also a measure to reduce the use of drugs and to avoid the resistance of flowers.
One is to control pests by using bacteria, fungi, viruses or their metabolites that can cause disease and death of pests. Usually, the harmful microorganisms of the pests are artificially cultured, and then sprayed with a powder to kill the pests. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis in the bacterial preparation is extremely toxic to the larvae of lepidopteran insects, and the killing effect is excellent. The test results show that the effect of using fungi to disinfestation is also good. For example, Beauveria bassiana is parasitic in insects and worms such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, which can effectively kill pests. Platycladus orientalis has a very high pathogenicity to whiteflies. The research and application of virus control insects have also made great progress, and the application of nuclear polyhedrosis virus is more. The insect virus has a strong specialization, strong pathogenicity and long-lasting effects. In practical applications, the virus preparation is often made into a water agent, a platinum agent, a wettable powder, etc., sprayed or applied to the soil to control pests.
The second is to use the antagonism between microorganisms and the metabolites of certain microorganisms to inhibit the growth, development and even death of flower pathogenic microorganisms. These substances are antibiotics. For example, the flower fertilizer, code-named "5406", can control certain fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and mosaic virus diseases of flowers.
The third is to use the biological chain, food chain relationship or parasitic relationship in nature to control pests. For example, the use of daylight bees to control cotton aphids; the use of cockroaches, cockroaches, etc.
It is also possible to use plant immunity and active ingredients in plant juices to control pests and diseases. Such as the use of aqueous garlic juice can control a large number of types of bacteria. The use of plant physiologically active substances to control pests and diseases is the focus of research at home and abroad, and it is one of the methods with good prospects. In addition, the use of bioengineering methods to control pests and diseases is also a new development trend, such as genetically modified technology.
Sixth, the right medicine
The prevention and control of flower pests and diseases must first understand the causes of pests and diseases, the infection cycle and its ecological environment, and grasp the laws, time, location and scope of the hazards before they can prescribe the right medicine.

1. Drugs for non-invasive diseases (1) The central part of the upper leaves of the plant is burning like a fire, showing a light red color, but the affected part has no mildew after rain. (2) Water damage can lead to rotten roots and easy lodging. The leaves of the frost-damaged seedlings are dry and wrinkled, and the affected parts are free of mildew after rain and the bark is broken. (3) The upper leaves of the drought are wrinkled and drooping. (4) The polluted leaves are dirty and easy to clean. Fertilized buds with wilting and growth stagnation. (5) The plants with lack of vegetative growth are sluggish, the leaves are deformed dull, and the leaves fall off from the bottom to the top.
The above diseases are physiological diseases, pesticides are incapable, can only be solved by changing ecological conditions, and at the same time should be combined with external fertilization to remedy.
2. Infectious diseases (1) Fungal diseases often have white powder, rust powder, coal stains, mildew layers, and plaques on the leaves. After rain, the back of the lesions often have fungal spores. For this disease, you can use Dyson Zinc and Fructus sinensis for routine control. In the peak period of the disease, it can be used alternately with gram powder, dexamethasone, chlorhexidine, carbendazim, kebending, etc., and the dilution concentration is: 500 to 800 times solution of powder, 800 to 1000 times solution of emulsifiable concentrate or water agent. . (2) Bacterial diseases mainly affect rhizomes, bulbs, bulbs, tubers, etc. The affected part is powdered under dry conditions, and forms a water stain under high temperature conditions. The disease can be selected from 200,000 units of agricultural streptomycin 30 grams plus 50 kg of water sprayed. (3) Viral diseases are characterized by mosaic, dead spots, ring spots, yellow leaves, deformities, arbuscular branches, and upper leaves falling off. You can choose 20 tablets of oxytetracycline and viremia, dissolve it in 12 kg of water or boil it with 2.5 kg of scallop.
Seven, seize the "must" and "just in time"
The so-called "necessary", first, the pests and diseases have begun to harm the need to use drugs early; the second is the new shoots are extracted, when the young leaves are exhibited, it is also the pest breeding breeding hazard, must do preventive killing; the third is pest and disease hibernation and sprouting period, must Do a closed kill; Fourth, the peak period of pests and diseases, the need for comprehensive medication.
The so-called "just in time" means that there are many pests and diseases, the disease is in the initial stage, and the pests are still in the young stage. If the pests and diseases are not killed in time, they will be prevented from being killed or even uncontrollable because of the strong resistance to the disease at the peak of the disease or after the pests mature.
Eight, pay attention to medication to improve the effect
1. Dilution method The powder is mixed with water and mixed into a paste, and then diluted in multiples; the emulsifiable concentrate and the aqueous solution should be filled with 1/4 of water in the sprayer and then poured into the medicine, then poured into a proper amount of water; powder, emulsion and fertilizer are mixed. The powder should be dissolved first, after adding 80 times of water, then mixed with emulsifiable concentrate, and finally mixed with fertilizer, sprayed with enough water. Mix a variety of pharmacy and fertilizer, use it with the mixture, and do not put it for a long time, so as not to reduce the efficacy.
2. The dilution ratio is generally 500 to 1500 times, and the minimum concentration can be taken during the prevention of pests and diseases; the moderate concentration can be taken for the prevention and control of young pests; the peak of pests and the killing of older, hard-shelled pests should be taken at the maximum concentration. In flower cultivation, it is often the case that pests and diseases are simultaneously harmful, so sterilization, insecticide and fertilization should be carried out simultaneously. However, the fertilizers with different acidity and alkalinity cannot be mixed, and the mixture cannot exceed three. The mixing concentration is 25 to 30 grams per barrel of water sterilant, 20 to 25 grams of insecticide, and 50 grams of fertilizer.
3. Application time and method 5 pm (positive value of leaf opening) The best absorption effect is applied, and there is no sunburn, which can reduce the phytotoxicity. The use of dexamethasone, dikesone, phoxim and other agents that are easy to decompose and reduce light should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening, and should not be sprayed before or during rain. The spray is sprayed as well, and the entire plant is sprayed.
Nine, the pests should be "same mouth" medication
In actual production, flowers, like other crops, are also vulnerable to a variety of pests. In the prevention and control of flower pests, if the drug can be administered according to the different mouthparts of the pests, it will be of great benefit to improve the control effect.
For chewing mouthparts pests, such as yellow thorn moth, scorpion caterpillar, chrysanthemum, leaf miner, cockroach, small tiger, cockroach, fly, etc., after the damage to flowers, mainly caused mechanical damage to the flower tissue. For example, pests that feed on flower leaves often cause leaf defects and even eat the leaves; when pests that feed on flower stems, fruits and seeds are drilled into their internal tissues, they often cause holes in the surface and form insects inside. Road (such as chrysanthemum, rose beetle, etc.); the pests that are lurking between the epidermis of the leaves will leave serpentine in the leaves, often causing the leaves to wither and fall; feeding seeds and seedlings Pests such as bulbs, bulbs, and tubers are often caused by lack of seedlings or seedlings, and even the whole plant is dead. In the control of chewing mouthparts flower pests, gastric toxicity insecticides are preferred, and the most commonly used agents are trichlorfon, sodium fluorosilicate, and the like. Systemic chemical agents such as monocrotophos and omethoate also have a good killing effect on chewing mouthparts pests.
For sucking mouthparts pests, the feeding method is to use a needle to puncture the leaves, flowers, young shoots, stems and other tissues of the flower to absorb the juice. The shape of the damaged flower has no mechanical damage, and only forms faded spots on the affected part, or causes tissue malformation (such as leaf shrinkage, leaf rolling, insects, etc.). Common sucking mouthparts pests include scale insects, aphids, and thrips. , whitefly, mites, etc. When controlling pests of sucking mouthparts, the preferred drug is a systemic insecticide, such as omethoate, monocrotophos, carbofuran and the like. Contact insecticides, such as malathion, phoxim, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, etc., also have good control effects against flower pests. It should be noted that gastric toxicity insecticides are substantially ineffective against flower pests that control sucking mouthparts.
X. Reasonable choice of herbicide types and methods of use
1. According to the age of the seedlings, the first and second year of the woody flowers, whether it is sowed seedlings or cuttings, its seedlings have shallow roots, roots are underdeveloped, and the drug resistance is poor, so it should be used when applying Low dose. Commonly used herbicides are oxyfluorfen, chlorpyrifos and the like. Generally, the poisonous soil of the medicine is mixed before the flower is sprouted, and the single and dicotyledon weeds can be prevented, and the effective period is one month, and the growth of the seedlings is not affected.
2. According to the valuable degree of flowers and trees, the general valuable flowers have higher requirements on environmental conditions and management level. From the safety point of view, stem and leaf treatment can be used, such as using a herbicide such as “Feida” to prepare a concentration of 0.3% to 0.4%. For the liquid medicine, use the smear method to prevent weeds, and avoid spraying with a sprayer to cause the medicine to drift to the seedlings to cause phytotoxicity. In addition, it can also be applied by the poisonous soil method.
3. According to the growth characteristics of flowers and trees, the flowers, such as laughter, camellia, and magnolia, are the leathery leaves, the waxy layer on the leaves, and the leaves of some coniferous flowers and trees have aromatic lipids. These flowers and trees have strong resistance, so they can be Direct use of "Feida" and other systemic herbicides for stem and leaf treatment. Some flowers have thin leaves and less wax, such as peach, French holly, phoenix, etc., and some grass leaves have fluff, such as hibiscus, hemp rust balls, etc. These flowers should not be sprayed directly with "Feida", optional Efficient “covering grass”, targeted treatment of stems and leaves, can not only prevent grass weeds, but also ensure seedling safety.
4. According to the classification of flowers and trees, woody flowers are generally more resistant to herbicides than herbal flowers. For grasses and flowers, it is advisable to use selective herbicides, such as “cover grass”, “grass grams”, “take the net”, etc., to make stem and leaf treatment in the flower growing season. For coniferous wood species, such as cypress, Chinese pine, arborvitae, etc., "Feida" can also be used for stem and leaf treatment. For some broad-leaved woody tree species, such as white wax, acacia, bauhinia, hibiscus and other medicinal plants, oxyfluorfen can be used for soil treatment. After application, seedlings should be washed with water to ensure seedling safety. (Ningbo Agricultural Economics Network)
【Comment】 【Print this article】 【Close this page】 【Large, medium and small】

Bulb Lights

Bulb Lights,Led Bulb Light,Usb Bulb Light,Plastic Led Bulb

Shenzhen Huangtai Photoelectric Co.,Ltd. , https://www.huangtailed.com

Posted on